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Malian Americans are Americans of Malian descent. According to the 2000 US Census, there were 1,790 Malian Americans, while the same Census count a total 2,735 Malian-born people living throughout United States.〔(Malians in US. ) Posted BY Jennifer Kirby in JAN 30, 2013.〕 However, the number the people of Malian origin may be more higher. In 2007, it was estimated that in New York lived approximately 8,0htt00 Malian Americans,〔 while in 2013, the number of people of Malian origin in this city exceeded the 20,000 people.〔 == History == The first people of Malian origin who migrated to the United States were Mandinkas (and some Tuaregs), a Muslim ethnic group who were descendants of members of the Mali Empire (1230s–1600s) and who were scattered by West Africa because to the expansion of that empire. For that reason, and because of other subsequent migrations throughout West Africa even after the dissolution of the empire, they were exported as slaves to the modern United States from various parts of this area (such as Senegal and Gambia), during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. In addition of the Mandinkas, had a large presence of non-Muslim Bambara from Mali in Louisiana. It fact is very curious, when we consider that, at present, at least most of Bambara people are Muslims.〔(Ethnicities in United States )〕 The African slaves were captured in conflict with other African ethnic groups, many times in the interior of Africa, who enslaved and sold them to European and American slave traders in the African shores.〔(Bound To Africa — The Mandinka Legacy In The New World )〕 After the abolition of slavery in United States in 1865, few Malians emigrated to the United States until the 20th century. So, the first wave of Malian voluntary migration occurred in the 1970s and 1980s〔(Disaster puts spotlight on Malian immigrants to U.S ). By Michael Powell and Nina Bernstein. Published in Saturday, March 10, 2007〕 having as objective studying. However, would not be until the 1990s when the biggest wave of Malian immigrants came to the United States. This time the majority of Malians who emigrated to the United States and Europe did this mainly to escape poverty and famine in their country, along with a coup and the closing of schools in 1991.〔 However, at the beginning of the decade, most Malians who emigrated to New York were Malian artists and Dioula (traders). Already in this city, they sought new markets to sell their products. Over time, they moved to other cities like Chicago, Seattle and Philadelphia. Following these migrations, Chicago started to become one of the major cities in the United States with Malian communities. In addition, many Malians who emigrated in this decade were also women who came to New York〔〔 and Washington DC, pursuing economic and educational opportunities they had in those cities. In addition, a small group of graduate students studying on government-sponsored scholarships moved to the US, along with family members using the lottery system for green cards.〔(Encyclopedia ofChicago: Malians in Chicago ). Posted by Tracy Steffes. Retrieved September 2, 2012, to 1:27 pm.〕 Roughly 3,500 Malians enter the United States each year on temporary visas,〔 but only about 85 Malians a year get citizenship. Some Malian immigrants also gain asylum, mainly women seeking refuge from female genital mutilation, as it is widespread in West Africa.〔〔(Mali in the Bronx ). Posted by Earlene Cruz on January 29, 2013 at 9:30pm〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malian Americans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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